NDT103-1 FD NeuroSilver™ Kit

  • Price: $882.00 (For 300 sections)

NDT103-2 FD NeuroSilver™ Kit

  • Price: $725.00 (For 150 sections)

This Kit I is designed for the detection of degenerating neurons in fixed tissue sections of the central nervous system from experimental animals. The principle of this kit is based on the finding that some components of the neurons undergoing degeneration, such as lysosomes, axons, and terminals, become particularly argyrophilic. Under certain conditions, these cellular elements bind to the silver ions with high affinity. Upon reduction, the silver ions from metallic grains are visible under a light or electron microscope.

NDT103 Kit has been widely used in animal studies under various experimental conditions1-16. This kit has proven extremely specific and sensitive for the detection of degenerating neuronal somata, axons, and terminals in both the brain and the spinal cord (see photo below). It is particularly useful for the detection of small numbers of degenerating neurons that may not be demonstrable with routine histopathological techniques.

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Detection of neurodegeneration with NeuroSilver Kit (NDT103). A: Section (40-micron) through the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus from a rat injected with kainic acid (10 mg/kg, s.c.), showing degenerating neurons and processes (black) in the polymorphic layer (pl) and the molecular layer (ml), respectively. B: Coronal section (30-micron) through the septum of a rat, killed at 10 days following a unilateral transection of the fimbria. Note degenerating axons (indicated by the arrow) in the ipsilateral fornix. C: Horizontal section (40-micron) through the hippocampal dentate gyrus of a rat killed at 5 days after the intra-entorhinal injection with aminooxyacetic acid. Note numerous degenerating axon terminals (arrowheads) in the middle zone of the molecular layer (ml), the terminal field of entorhinal neurons killed by the drug injection (for details, cf. Neuroscience 82:1165, 1998). D: Coronal section (40-micron) through the lateral geniculate nucleus of a rat killed at 5 days after a unilateral visual cortex aspiration. Note dense degenerating axon terminals in the subgeniculate nucleus (SubG) (Section courtesy of Dr. E.-Y. Chen, Rush University [D])

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Detection of neurodegeneration in the rat brain of a stroke model. 40-micron cryostat section was cut coronally through the striatum of a rat used as an animal model of stroke. The section was processed for demonstrating neuronal damage with NDT103 Kit. Note the accumulation of metallic silver grains (black) in both the striatum and the cortex, indicating the presence of neurodegeneration.

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Detection of neurodegeneration in the rat brain of an epilepsy model. 40-micron cryostat section through the cortex of a rat used as an animal model of epilepsy. Note degenerating neurons (black) in the deep layers.

NDT103 Kit has also been proven to be very sensitive and reliable for the detection of amyloid plaques in the brain of transgenic mice (see photos below).

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Detection of neurodegeneration and amyloid plaques in the mouse brain of a model for Alzeimer's disease. 40-micron cryostat section was cut coronally through the dorsal hippocampus of a transgenic mouse used as a model for studing Alzeimer¡¦s disease. The section was processed for detecting both neuronal damage and amyloid plaques with NDT 103 Kit. Note silver-stained plaques in both the hippocampus and the cortex.

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High mignification of the hippocampal CA1 area as shown above. Note that in addition to silver-stained amyloid plaques, numerous degenerating fibers are also present in the corpus callosum.

 

In addition, this kit may be used for demonstrating neurodegeneration and/or amyloid plaques in tissue sections that have been processed for immunohistochemistry (see photos below). The procedure of NDT103-1 Kit takes approximately 1 hour.

 
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Detection of neurodegeneration in the rat brain of a model for Huntington's disease. 40-micron cryostat section was cut coronally through the striatum of a rat that received a focal injection of quinolinic acid. The section was processed first for bcl2-immunoreactivity and then for detecting neuronal damage with NDT103 Kit. Note that degenerating neurons (black) intermingle with survived bcl2-positive neurons.

Key Contents:

  • Solution A (500 ml)

  • Solution B (500 ml)

  • Solution C (500 ml)

  • Solution D (500 ml)

  • Solution E (2 ml)

  • Solution F (3 ml)

  • Solution G (5X) (500 ml)

  • Glass Specimen Retriever (2)

Materials Required, but Not Included:

  • Double distilled water

  • Tissue culture plates (6-well)

  • Histological supplies and equipment, including gelatin-coated microscope slides, glass coverslips, hair brush, staining jars, xylene or xylene substitutes and a light microscope.

References:

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  • Betarbet R, Sherer TB, MacKenzie G, Garcia-Osuna M, Panov AV and Greenamyre JT: Chronic systemic pesticide exposure reproduces features of Parkinson's disease. Nature Neuroscience 3: 1301-1306, 2000.

  • Sternfeld M, Shoham S, Klein O, Flores-Flores C, Evron T, Idelson GH, Kitsberg D, Patrick JW, and Soreq H: Excess 'read-through' acetylcholinesterase attenuates but the 'synaptic' variant intensifies neurodeterioration correlates. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97: 8647-8652, 2000.

  • Kuhlmann AC and Guilarte TR: Cellular and subcellular localization of peripheral benzodiazepine receptors after trimethyltin neurotoxicity. J. Neurochem. 74: 1694-1704, 2000.

  • Zito MA, Koennecke LA, McAuliffe MJ, McNally B, van Rooijen N and Heyes MP: Depletion of systemic macrophages by liposome-encapsulated clodronate attenuates striatal macrophage invasion and neurodegeneration following local endotoxin infusion in gerbils. Brain Res. 892:13-26, 2001.

  • Northington FJ, Ferriero DM, Graham EM, Traystman RJ, and Martin LJ: Early neurodegeneration after hypoxia-ischemia in neonatal rat is necrosis while delayed neuronal death is apoptosis. Neurobiol. Dis. 8:207-219, 2001.

  • Ding Y, Yao B, Lai Q and McAllister JP: Impaired motor learning and diffuse axonal damage in motor and visual systems of the rat following traumatic brain injury. Neurol. Res. 23: 193-202, 2001.

  • Shoham S, Javitt DC and Heresco-Levy U: Chronic high-dose glycine nutrition: effects on rat brain cell morphology. Biol. Psychiatry 49: 876-885, 2001.

  • Ding Y, McAllister JP, Yao B, Yan N and Canady AI: Axonal damage associated with enlargement of ventricles during hydrocephalus: a silver impregnation study. Neurol. Res. 23: 581-587, 2001.

  • Northington FJ, Ferriero DM, and Martin LJ: Neurodegeneration in the thalamus following neonatal hypoxia-ischemia is programmed cell death. Dev. Neurosci. 23: 186-191, 2001.

  • Ding Y, McAllister JP, Yao B, Yan N and Canady AI: Neuron tolerance during hydrocephalus. Neuroscience 106:659-667, 2001.

  • Guo-Ross SX, Clark S, Montoya DAC, Jones KH, Obernier J, Shetty AK, White AM, Blusztajn JK, Wilson WA, and Swartzwelder HS: Prenatal choline supplementation protects against postnatal neurotoxicity. J. Neuroscience 22: RC195: 1-6, 2002.

  • McCormack AL, Thiruchelvam M, Manning-Bog AB, Thiffault C, Langston JW, Cory-Slechta DA, and Di Monte DA: Environmental risk factors and Parkinson's disease: selective degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons caused by the herbicide paraquat. Neurobiol. Dis. 10: 119-127, 2002.

  • Montoliu C, Humet M, Canales J_J, Burda J, Planells-Cases R, Sanchez-Baeza F, Carbonell T, Perez-Paya E, Messeguer A, Ferrer-Montiel A and Felipo V: Prevention of in vivo excitotoxicity by a family of trialkylglycines, a novel class of neuroprotectants. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 301: 29-36, 2002.

  • Tong W, Igarashi T, Ferriero DM, and Noble LJ: Traumatic brain injury in the immature mouse brain: characterization of regional vulnerability. Exp. Neurol. 176: 105-116, 2002.

  • Bianco CL, Ridet JL, Schneider BL, Deglon N, and Aebischer P: α--synucleinopathy and selective dopaminergic neuron loss in a rat lentiviral-based model of Parkinson's disease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99: 10813-10818, 2002.

  • Lauwers E, Debyser Z, Van Dorpe J, De Strooper B, Nuttin B, and BaekelaNDT V: Neuropathology and neurodegeneration in rodent brain induced by lentiviral vector-mediated overexpression of alpha-synuclein. Brain Pathol.13: 364-372, 2003.

  • Shoham S, Bejar C, Kovalev E, and Weinstock M: Intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin causes neurotoxicity to myelin that contributes to spatial memory deficits in rats. Exp. Neurol. 184: 1043-1052, 2003.

  • Manning-Bo? AB, McCormack AL, Purisai MG, Bolin LM, and Di Monte A: α-synuclein overexpression protects against paraguat-induced neurodegeneration. J. Neuroscience 23: 3095-3099, 2003.

  • Paschen W, Yatsiv I, Shoham S, and Shohami E: Brain trauma induces X-box protein 1 processing indicative of activation of the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response. J. Neurochem. 88: 983-992, 2004.

Terms and Conditions

  • For quality assurance of our service, it is recommended that you discuss with us for preferred perfusion protocol and histology and/or immunolabeling protocols.

  • It is suggested that you use Gel-coated microscopic slides for tissue mounting and 0.17um-thick coverslips.

  • A 15% of the fee will be due upon authorization of the study; and the remaining fee will be due upon delivery of study results.

  • Progress of the service is contingent upon staining quality of tissues, operated by the independent contractor.

  • Should early termination occur, Neurodigitech will prorate the cost incurred and invoice the Sponsor. The first portion of the fee is non-refundable.